تأملاتی درباره ارزیابی تأثیر اجتماعی در قرن بیست‌ویکم (ترجمه)
Subject Areas :Frank Vanclay 1 , Fatemeh Tanhaa 2
1 - دانشکده علوم فضايي ـ مکاني
2 - استادیار دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران
Keywords: ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی, مجوز اجتماعی برای فعالیت و رشد, مشارکت عمومی, استانداردهای بین¬المللی محیطی, مسائل اجتماعی و حکومتی و مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت,
Abstract :
ارزیابی تأثیر اجتماعی (اتا)، زمینه‌ای از تحقیق و عمل است که به هر موردی که با مدیریت مسائل اجتماعی در طول چرخه عمر پروژه (پیش از شروع آن تا پس از اتمام) مرتبط است، می‌پردازد. اتا از یک ابزار نظارتی به فرآیند مدیریت مسائل اجتماعی یک پروژه که توسعه‌دهندگان، تأمین‌کنندگان مالی، جوامع آسیب‌دیده و مؤسسات صدور مجوز محیط‌زیستی از آن استفاده می‌کنند، تبدیل شده است. اتا، موارد زیر را در نظر می‌گیرد: اشتراک منافع، چرخه‌های رونق و رکود، توسعۀ جامعه، مشارکت جامعه، تاب‌آوری جامعه، میراث فرهنگی، بررسی دقیق، توانمندسازی، مسائل جنسیتی، مکانیسم‌های رسیدگی به شکایات، حقوق بشر، تأثیرات و موافقت‌نامه‌های مزایا، مردم بومی، مهاجرت، احیای معیشت، محتوای محلی، تدارکات محلی، جابه¬جایی و اسکان مجدد ناشی از پروژه، اثرات روانی اجتماعی، عملکرد اجتماعی، برنامه‌های مدیریت تأثیر اجتماعی، شمول اجتماعی، سرمایه‌گذاری اجتماعی، مجوز اجتماعی برای فعالیت، عملکرد اجتماعی، مشارکت ذی‌نفعان، گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر و مسائل سنتی مانند شناسایی اثرات اجتماعی و طراحی مداخلات برای کاهش آسیب‌ها. اتا بیش از پنجاه سال است که در کشورهای مختلف اجرا می‌شود، با این حال مسائل پیچیده‌ای از جمله اسکان مجدد غیر ارادی، احیای معیشت، تعلق به مکان، احساس به مکان، حفظ میراث فرهنگی ناملموس و یافتن زمین جایگزین، از جمله مسائل باقی‌مانده در طرح‌های اتاست. فساد، رانت‌خواری، تسخیر نخبگان، احتکار و رفتار فرصت‌طلبانه از جمله موارد مشکل‌ساز در اجرای اتاست.
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